Diabetes and oral care

Diabetes and oral care

Diabetics are two to four times more likely to develop gum problems than non-diabetics. The risk of getting other oral and dental diseases in general is also increased for diabetics, especially for those who have had diabetes for a long time and those with poor blood sugar control.

Why are diabetics more prone to oral and dental diseases?

Diabetics have a reduced defense against infections, which is negative for oral and dental health. Poor blood sugar control over time can lead to more favorable conditions for bacteria in the mouth and predispose to diseases.

Gum problems in diabetics

Local inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) is relatively common and usually goes away on its own with good oral hygiene. A gingivitis can, however, spread deeper into the gums to the area closest to the tooth, then it is called periodontitis. In the worst case, periodontitis can lead to the loss of one or more teeth. Diabetics have a significantly increased risk of developing gingivitis.

Symptoms and signs of gum problems

• Gums that bleed easily

• Bad breath/ bad taste in the mouth

• Sore and itchy gums

• Tenderness when chewing

• Change in dental position or gradually looser teeth

• Gums that have "pulled away" from the teeth

Other oral and dental diseases in diabetics

Caries (cavities in the teeth)

Caries and tooth decay are two different names for what is colloquially called holes in the teeth. High blood sugar over time can lead to higher levels of sugar in the gums. This can provide more favorable conditions for bacteria, and is one of the reasons why diabetics with poor blood sugar control are more susceptible to caries. If you are particularly prone to cavities, Duraphat high fluoride toothpaste can be used to prevent caries (cavities).

Dry mouth

Dry mouth is uncomfortable and can lead to both infections and caries. Dry mouth can be treated with saliva replacement products and fluoride to prevent caries.

Fungal infection ("thrush")

Fungal infection in the mouth can occur as a result of an increased amount of sugar in the saliva. Red or white spots on the tongue can be a sign of a fungal infection. Contact a dentist or doctor if you suspect a fungal infection in the mouth.

Good advice for a healthy mouth for you with diabetes

• Good blood sugar control is important.

• Use a soft toothbrush, and don't brush too hard. Hard toothbrushes can cause brushing damage.

• Use a toothbrush with a small brush head to get close or interstitial brushes.

• Brush systematically back and forth, and make sure all surfaces are sanded well.

• Change your toothbrush when the bristles start to crack, and at least every 3 months.

• Use dental floss between your teeth.

• An annual check-up with a dentist is recommended, many are unaware that they have diseases in the oral cavity.

• Be aware of abnormal conditions in the mouth.

• Use fluoride, and consider whether Duraphat high-fluoride toothpaste might be relevant for you, to prevent tooth decay.

Sources:

The Norwegian Diabetes Association